HTS High Technology Solutions

FUNDAMENTALS

Before we proceed to explanation of the nature of our patent, let us remind the basic terms according the theory of solid state physic.

The definition of a magnetic domain

A region within a solid state which has uniform magnetization.

Theorem 1. (Landau, Lifszyc)

The ferromagnetic domain structure is a consequence of taking into consideration the energy of replacement, energy of anisotropy and magnetic energy.

Lorentz rule

(1)

 

Lorentz rule could be treated as definition of vector fields E and B.

Defined in such a way vector field B has no sources, in mathematical sense, what could be written in equivalent equations:

(2)

and

(3)

 

Moreover, vector field B enables abstraction from sources of the magnetic fields in one condition: if we will do this correctly – please check also special case described in the topic entitled “Effective induction”.

Warning! Any moving particle with electric charge is a source of magnetic field that could be described by vector field B which from mathematical point of view has no sources.

Experimentally we can obtain induction B by using equation (1).

Directly from equations (2) and (3) we have theorem:

Theorem 2.

All lines of a magnetic field form closed curves (loops) -lack of magnetic monopoles.

Experiment

Let us take two constant magnets and a cylinder made of a soft ferromagnetic. To one of the cylinder’s border surfaces we attach a constant magnet with the ‘N’ pole.

Next, we slowly approach next magnet orienting its ‘N’ pole to the other border surface of the cylinder. It will turn out, that within a certain range from the ferromagnetic, the force of reaction will divert into attraction, thereby allowing enduring attachment of the magnet to the cylinder.

   Picture 1. 

The conclusion of this simple experiment is, that magnetic domains in a soft ferromagnetic are placed in such a way, that the potential energy of magnetic circuit reaches the local minimum.

Such alignment of domains is a stable equilibrium alignment.

If we freeze magnetic domain alignment of that type in a cylinder, we will acquire a new type of permanent magnet – the patent protects rights required to establish a production of such permanent magnets.

Next conclusion is, that all lines of a magnetic field from corresponding poles of permanent magnets go out through the side surfaces of the cylinder (they close through the air).

Proof

Poles ‘S’ of the permanent magnets are not magnetically shielded. Therefore, given the theorem 2. magnetic lines outbound from poles ‘S’ must be closed by the lateral surface of the cylinder.

More precisely the integral over the surface of the cylinder, covering the entire system, from the magnetic induction B (no source field) is zero.