A propulsion breakthrough that opens the path to other worlds



Humanity has always dreamed of reaching the stars. For the first time in history, a propulsion technology emerges that may turn this dream into a realistic mission objective.


HTS Engines is an international research and development initiative focused on creating a new class of space propulsion systems. These engines do not rely on chemical reactions, ionized gases, or nuclear processes. Instead, they operate by interacting with the elastic structure of physical space itself, as described in our scientific publications.


HTS Engines provides that breakthrough by introducing a new propulsion architecture capable of stabilizing and directing high‑tension spacefold channels across interstellar distances, supported not only by theoretical foundations but also by the first patent applications covering key elements of the HTS propulsion system.


This approach unlocks a fundamentally different energy channel, one that makes interstellar travel and access to exoplanets achievable within human timescales.



General exoplanet visualization (NASA / ESO)


NASA Visualization Technology Applications and Development (VTAD)



Why Exoplanets? Why Now?





• Earth’s long‑term future requires expansion beyond the Solar System.

• Several nearby exoplanets may offer conditions suitable for life.

• Current propulsion technologies are far too slow to reach them.

• A breakthrough in physics and engineering is necessary.


HTS Engines provides that breakthrough by introducing a new propulsion architecture capable of stabilizing and directing high‑tension spacefold channels across interstellar distances.



A New Propulsion Paradigm





Traditional rockets waste enormous amounts of energy by accelerating propellant mass. HTS Engines work differently: they act directly on the elastic boundary layers of space, which govern the motion of matter.

Our research shows that:

Changing the internal orientation of matter (spatial channels) requires hundreds of millions of times more energy than

Deforming the boundary layers of space, which HTS Engines use for propulsion.

This difference, eight orders of magnitude, is the key to unlocking ultra‑high velocities.


HTS Engines operate in an energy regime that no existing propulsion system can access.

As a result, spacecraft can theoretically reach:

• thousands of kilometers per second,

• relativistic speeds,

• and trajectories extending far beyond the heliosphere.




Scientific Foundation





The HTS propulsion concept is grounded in peer‑reviewed research, including:


• Book Edition (LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2021)

Sobolewska, N. J., Sobolewska, J. P., Sobolewski, M. J., Sobolewski, M. A., & Sobolewski, D. S. (2021). New Generations of Rocket Engines. LAMBERT Academic Publishing. ISBN: 6203856614 (Link)


• Journal Article (Journal of Advances in Physics, 2020)

Sobolewski, D. S., Sobolewski, M. A., Sobolewski, M. J., Sobolewska, J. P., & Sobolewska, N. J. (2020). New Generations of Rocket Engines. Journal of Advances in Physics, 17, 322–346. (Link)


• Theory of Space (2025 Edition)

Sobolewski, D. S. (2025). Theory of Space: Definitive Edition - A Unified Framework for Physics, Geometry, and Cosmology. HTS High Technology Solutions. ISBN: 978‑83‑936891‑2‑5 (2016, 2017, 2024, 2025) (Link)


These works introduce:

• a geometric model of space as a four‑dimensional elastic manifold,

• spatial channels corresponding to elementary particles,

• the distinction between high‑energy orientation changes and low‑energy boundary deformation,

• and the mechanism enabling HTS propulsion.


This scientific foundation is what makes the project credible, scalable, and transformative.





NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory



Downloadable Materials





To facilitate deeper understanding, technical evaluation and collaborative research, the Toward Exoplanets, HTS Propulsion System project provides a set of comprehensive documents that outline its scientific motivation, strategic relevance and engineering foundations. To support evaluation and collaboration, three dedicated documents are available:



Marketing Version

High level overview for companies and partners.



Investor Version

Business value, market potential and strategic advantages.



Technical White Paper

Detailed engineering description based on the patent architecture.



Development Roadmap





The project is advancing through:

• laboratory prototypes of HTS engines,

• stabilisation technologies for spatial channel orientation,

• graphene‑based and other anisotropic spacecraft shells for controlled deformation,

• simulation and modelling of interstellar trajectories.

Each step brings us closer to a functional propulsion system capable of leaving the Solar System.



Join the Mission





HTS Engines is building a global consortium of:

• research institutions,

• aerospace companies,

• materials science laboratories,

• and deep‑tech investors.

Together, we aim to create the first propulsion system capable of carrying humanity beyond the Solar System, toward the nearest exoplanets.

If you want to participate in shaping the future of interstellar exploration, we invite you to connect with us.



Example dimensions of the HTS city‑ship





• Ship sphere diameter: ≈4 km

• Ship radius:=2 km

• Cylindrical habitat (rotating core): - Core radius: ≈1 km - Core length: ≈2.5 km

• Functional zones:

- Between cylinder and inner sphere: Propulsion & Systems Zone

- Intermediate spherical layer: Reference Stabilization Layer

- Outer spherical layer: Outer Protective Shield


At this scale, the ship can realistically support on the order of 100,000–300,000 inhabitants with full infrastructure (habitats, life support, agriculture, industry, storage, propulsion, and governance).






Example of the HTS city‑ship



Cruise to Proxima b at 0.1 c



• Target system: Proxima Centauri b

• Distance: ≈4.24 light years

• Cruise velocity: v=0.1c

At a cruise velocity of 0.1c, the city ship would reach Proxima b in roughly 40-45 years.



The greatest challenge of interstellar missions is not propulsion technology, but the long‑term psychological and social stability of the crew. For this reason, the architecture of the HTS city‑ship will have to include not only propulsion systems and the biosphere, but also social structures, redundancy of critical functions, and mechanisms that limit the impact of individual destructive decisions.





Toward the First Interstellar Missions





The nearest exoplanets, such as Proxima b, lie more than 4 light‑years away.

With current propulsion, such a journey would take tens of thousands of years.

HTS Engines open a new possibility:

• Interstellar missions within a single human lifetime

• Robotic probes capable of reaching nearby star systems

• Exploration beyond the Solar System’s boundaries

• The first steps toward future off‑world colonies

This is not an incremental improvement. It is a new direction for humanity’s expansion into the cosmos.



Explore nearby exoplanets studied by NASA
More about Proxima b More about L 98‑59 f


Toward L 98‑59 f





The journey toward L 98‑59 f is not a flight through empty darkness, but a passage across the dynamic structure of our local region of the Milky Way. Over the course of more than three centuries, the HTS city‑ship would traverse interstellar space, leaving the heliosphere, crossing the Local Interstellar Cloud, and passing near several neighboring stellar systems before reaching its destination.


In the first decades, the ship would move beyond the influence of the Sun, entering a region where the density of interstellar particles increases and the background radiation field changes. As the distance grows, the familiar constellations slowly distort, revealing the true three‑dimensional geometry of nearby stars.


During the long mid‑voyage phase, the city‑ship would pass within observational range of several red dwarfs and brown dwarfs mapped by the Gaia mission. Some of these systems may host planets, offering rare opportunities for deep‑space astronomical campaigns. Although no stops are planned, each encounter provides a scientific window into the diversity of planetary environments within the solar neighborhood.


As the ship approaches the L 98‑59 system, the target star gradually brightens from a faint point into a recognizable object. Its planets, among them L 98‑59 f, a promising candidate for long‑term habitability, become observable with increasing precision. The final phase of the journey involves deceleration, navigation through the system’s gravitational architecture, and preparation for orbital insertion around the destination world.


This voyage is not only a technological challenge but a generational experience. For the inhabitants of the HTS city‑ship, the journey itself becomes a civilization‑defining environment, one shaped by engineered ecosystems, social structures, and the shared purpose of reaching a new world.

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Toward L 98‑59 f - Timeline of the Journey



Year 0 - Departure from the Solar System

The HTS city‑ship leaves the heliosphere, crossing the boundary where the influence of the Sun fades and interstellar space begins. The familiar constellations remain recognizable, but their geometry slowly starts to shift as the ship accelerates toward cruise velocity.


Year 50 - The Local Interstellar Cloud

The vessel travels through the Local Interstellar Cloud, a region of slightly denser gas and dust. Scientific instruments operate continuously, mapping the structure of the interstellar medium with unprecedented precision. The Sun is now a bright star among many, no longer the center of the sky.


Year 120 - Passing Near Barnard’s Star

The ship approaches observational distance of Barnard’s Star, one of the closest red dwarfs. Its high proper motion makes it a dynamic object in the sky. Although no stop is planned, the encounter provides a rare opportunity to study a nearby stellar system from a vantage point unreachable from Earth.


Year 200 - Deep Interstellar Transit

The city‑ship enters a region sparsely populated by stars. The crew experiences the most isolated phase of the journey. The night sky has changed completely: constellations are distorted, and the Milky Way appears from a new perspective. Long‑term psychological stability becomes as critical as engineering reliability.


Year 310 - Approaching the L 98‑59 Neighborhood

The target star brightens from a faint point into a distinct object. Its planetary system becomes observable in detail. Navigation systems begin deceleration procedures, preparing for insertion into the gravitational architecture of the L 98‑59 system.


Arrival - Orbit of L 98‑59 f

After more than three centuries, the HTS city‑ship enters orbit around L 98‑59 f, a promising candidate for long‑term habitability. The journey ends, but the mission begins.